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HVAC Electrical Class - Troubleshooting First Steps

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When You Walk into the Client's House Turn the stat switch to OFF Turn the Fan switch to ON - If the blower comes on, it tells you several things There is power to the control circuitry The transformer is good The IFR is good on high speed The blower has power (either 110V or 220V) and is good Turn Fan switch to AUTO and observe the blower going off with no delay Turn the stat switch to HEAT Run the temperature setting up and observe flames - After a delay, the blower will come on Run the temperature setting down and observe no flames - After a delay, the blower will turn off Turn the stat switch to COOL Observe cool air from the registers within a few seconds - If air is not cool, check outside for Power, Fuses, Contactor and 24V Run the temperature setting up and observe the blower stops

Electrical Circuit for Controlling a Lifting Electromagnet for Overhead Cranes with Top Running Trolley Hoist

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When the need to conveniently pick up and lift heavy iron or steel objects for transferring from one place to another was seen as a necessity in heavy industrial facilities, the concept of using an electromagnet was implemented due to its ability to be turned ON and OFF which was then incorporated effectively to the hoist function of overhead cranes. Overhead-travelling-crane magnets are electromagnetic device attached to the crane's hook to magnetically pick up heavy metallic loads for hoisting and transferring.  Cranes that are fitted with a lifting  magnet  are equipped with an electromagnet control circuit. The control circuit of the electromagnet is designed with  operator  command switch that can power the  magnet  ON and OFF. The electrical system is controlled by an electronic circuit so constructed so that when the  magnet  is switched ON for lifting objects, it instantaneously energizes the  magnet  by applying electric cu...

Basic AC Ladder with Potential Relay

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CSR Motor

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CSR Motor Definition and Characteristics CSR means Capacitor Start Capacitor Run (CSCR), typically shortened to CSR High starting torque Can handle high-demand loads 1-10 HP Can be designed for lower full-load currents and higher efficiency Operates at lower temperature than other single-phase motor types of comparable horsepower Only disadvantage to a CSR motor is its higher price - mostly the result of more capacitors, plus a starting switch Able to handle applications too demanding for any other kind of single-phase motor A CSR motor uses a potential relay or start relay (see Discussion below) Discussion Potential or "voltage" starting relays are used with single-phase capacitor-start/capacitor-run motors, which need relatively high starting torque. Their main function is to assist in starting the motor. These starting relays consist of a high-resistance coil and a set of normally closed contacts. The coil is wired between terminals 2 and 5, with the con...

AC History

Introduction Keeping cool has been a human preoccupation for millennia, but until the 20th century most efforts were ineffective. People tried everything from draping saturated mats in doorways to the installation of water-powered fans. Even Leonardo da Vinci designed and built a mechanical ventilating fan, the first of its kind. The modern system—involving the exchange of hot, moist air for cool, dry air by way of a circulating refrigerant—was first used in industrial settings. Indeed, a North Carolina textile engineer named Stuart Cramer, impressed with how the latest system of controlling the heat and humidity in his plant improved the cloth fibers, coined the term "air conditioning" in 1906. Since then comfort of cool is no longer considered a luxury but a fact of modern existence. 1902 Comfort cooling system installed at the New York Stock Exchange. A 300-ton comfort cooling system designed by Alfred Wolff is installed at the New York Stock Exchange. Using free c...

HVAC Electrical Class - CIRCUIT MATH

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Rules for Series Circuits Total Resistance = "Add 'em up" The amperage is the same throughout the circuit The sum of all voltage drops is the source voltage Rules for Parallel Circuits Total Resistance = Use the formula The amperage is split across all branches The voltage is the same across all branches How To Solve a Circuit Determine what kind of circuit: series, parallel or combination Fill grid with values given Look for pairs of 2 (series or parallel) If in series, use step S1 If in parallel, use step P1 Keep reducing pairs until no more pairs Fill in grid as you go - look for 2 values in any row Compute rest of values in rows with 2 values Repeat steps until done REMEMBER: Use Series Rules on series circuits, Parallel Rules on parallel circuits "Change out of a Dollar" method has 2 applications - series voltage and parallel amperage Additional Observations A series circuit may be thought of as a voltage divide...

Electrical Wiring Diagram Star Delta Control and Power Circuit Using Mitsubishi PLC Program

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This article is intended to diagrammatically demonstrate the concept of the wiring principle of a star delta (wye delta) motor control and power circuit when using a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) ladder program to control the switching of a 440 volts induction motor. The electrical components comprising the hardware parts of the circuit includes: 1.) 440 volts to 220 volts step-down transformer - 1 piece 2.) 220 volts to 24 volts step-down transformer - 1 piece 3.) 24VAC to 24VDC power supply converter - 1 piece 4.) Normally-open push  button  switch -  2 pieces 5.) Mitsubishi PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) Type FX2N-16MR-ES - 1 unit 6.)  Auxiliary  relay with 24VDC coil and minimum 1 Normally-open contact - 3 pieces 7.) 3 phase 440 volts AC NFB (No-fuse Breaker) circuit breaker (ampere rating depends on motor capacity) - 1 piece 8.) 3 phase 440 volts AC magnectic contactor with 220 VAC coil (ampere rating depends on motor capaci...